Losing Metaphors: Zip and Paste

November 29th, 2023
shell, tech
In python (and several other languages) if I have two lists and want to process corresponding elements together I can use zip:

>>> for number, letter in zip(
...    [1,2,3,4], ["a", "b", "c", "d"]):
...  print(number, letter)
...
1 a
2 b
3 c
4 d

The metaphor is a zipper, taking the two sides and merging them together. It's not perfect, since a zipper interleaves instead of matching pairs, but it's pretty good.

In unix, there's a command line tool, paste that does the same thing:

$ paste <(echo 1 2 3 4 | tr ' ' '\n') \
        <(echo a b c d | tr ' ' '\n')
1 a
2 b
3 c
4 d

This time the metaphor is pasting: physically putting one column next to another.

I found a discussion on the origin of these terms, which traces paste back to at least 1978 at Bell Labs Center 127. The earliest use of zip I've found is 1988's Introduction to Functional Programming (p57).

What I find interesting about these names is that they've both "lost" in a sense: paste and zip generally mean something else to computer users:

  • Pasting is now almost always used in the "copy and paste" sense of moving data through the computer's clipboard from one program to another.

  • Zipping is used to mean archiving, after the PKZIP tool. Which seems to have become a metaphor only retroactively: it's creators called it "ZIP" as in "zippy", and the idea of zipping and unzipping an the way you would a bag seems to have come later. Perhaps a retrometaphore?

Older names for this are less metaphorical: APL used the comma-operator, and in Lisp this would be done with the more general mapcar function.

Referenced in: Benchmarking Bowtie2 Threading

Comment via: facebook, lesswrong, mastodon, substack

Recent posts on blogs I like:

Three cheers for the tomboy chaser

Three cheers for the tomboy chaser!

via Thing of Things January 30, 2026

2025-26 New Year review

This is an annual post reviewing the last year and setting intentions for next year. I look over different life areas (work, health, parenting, effectiveness, etc) and analyze my life tracking data. Highlights include a minimal group house, the usefulness…

via Victoria Krakovna January 19, 2026

Why I Don't Think My Braces Were Worth It

A couple weeks ago, I got my braces off. I kind of wish I had never had them, though. When I was younger, two of my teeth were sticking out, and they looked kind of funny. I thought that my teeth were just fine, and I didn't want to get braces. But s…

via Anna Wise's Blog Posts January 3, 2026

more     (via openring)